diff --git a/example/repository_example.dart b/example/repository_example.dart
index d5f70ed..068d89a 100644
--- a/example/repository_example.dart
+++ b/example/repository_example.dart
@@ -3,6 +3,23 @@ import 'dart:io';
 import 'package:libgit2dart/libgit2dart.dart';
 
 void main() {
-  final repo = Repository.open(Directory.current.path);
-  print('Path to git repository: ${repo.path}');
+  // Open repository
+  try {
+    final repo = Repository.open(Directory.current.path);
+
+    print('Path to git repository: ${repo.path()}');
+    print('Is repository bare: ${repo.isBare()}');
+    print('Is repository empty: ${repo.isEmpty()}');
+    print('Is head detached: ${repo.isHeadDetached()}');
+    try {
+      print('Prepared message: ${repo.message()}');
+    } catch (e) {
+      print('Prepared message: $e');
+    }
+
+    // close() should be called on object to free memory when done.
+    repo.close();
+  } catch (e) {
+    print(e);
+  }
 }
diff --git a/lib/src/bindings/repository.dart b/lib/src/bindings/repository.dart
index ba69068..c831328 100644
--- a/lib/src/bindings/repository.dart
+++ b/lib/src/bindings/repository.dart
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import '../util.dart';
 /// The [path] can point to either a normal or bare repository.
 ///
 /// Throws a [LibGit2Error] if error occured.
-Pointer<Pointer<git_repository>> open(String path) {
+Pointer<git_repository> open(String path) {
   final out = calloc<Pointer<git_repository>>();
   final pathC = path.toNativeUtf8().cast<Int8>();
   final error = libgit2.git_repository_open(out, pathC);
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Pointer<Pointer<git_repository>> open(String path) {
     throw LibGit2Error(libgit2.git_error_last());
   }
 
-  return out;
+  return out.value;
 }
 
 /// Attempt to open an already-existing bare repository at [bare_path].
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Pointer<Pointer<git_repository>> open(String path) {
 /// The [bare_path] can point to only a bare repository.
 ///
 /// Throws a [LibGit2Error] if error occured.
-Pointer<Pointer<git_repository>> openBare(String barePath) {
+Pointer<git_repository> openBare(String barePath) {
   final out = calloc<Pointer<git_repository>>();
   final barePathC = barePath.toNativeUtf8().cast<Int8>();
   final error = libgit2.git_repository_open_bare(out, barePathC);
@@ -37,14 +37,24 @@ Pointer<Pointer<git_repository>> openBare(String barePath) {
     throw LibGit2Error(libgit2.git_error_last());
   }
 
-  return out;
+  return out.value;
 }
 
 /// Returns the path to the `.git` folder for normal repositories or the
 /// repository itself for bare repositories.
 String path(Pointer<git_repository> repo) {
-  final path = libgit2.git_repository_path(repo);
-  return path.cast<Utf8>().toDartString();
+  final result = libgit2.git_repository_path(repo);
+  return result.cast<Utf8>().toDartString();
+}
+
+/// Get the path of the shared common directory for this repository.
+///
+/// If the repository is bare, it is the root directory for the repository.
+/// If the repository is a worktree, it is the parent repo's `.git` folder.
+/// Otherwise, it is the `.git` folder.
+String commonDir(Pointer<git_repository> repo) {
+  final result = libgit2.git_repository_commondir(repo);
+  return result.cast<Utf8>().toDartString();
 }
 
 /// Get the currently active namespace for this repository.
@@ -52,25 +62,371 @@ String path(Pointer<git_repository> repo) {
 /// If there is no namespace, or the namespace is not a valid utf8 string,
 /// empty string is returned.
 String getNamespace(Pointer<git_repository> repo) {
-  final namespace = libgit2.git_repository_get_namespace(repo);
-  if (namespace == nullptr) {
+  final result = libgit2.git_repository_get_namespace(repo);
+  if (result == nullptr) {
     return '';
   } else {
-    return namespace.cast<Utf8>().toDartString();
+    return result.cast<Utf8>().toDartString();
   }
 }
 
-/// Tests whether this repository is a bare repository or not.
+/// Check if a repository is bare or not.
 bool isBare(Pointer<git_repository> repo) {
   final result = libgit2.git_repository_is_bare(repo);
   return result == 1 ? true : false;
 }
 
-/// Find a single object, as specified by a [spec] string.
+/// Check if a repository is empty.
+///
+/// An empty repository has just been initialized and contains no references
+/// apart from HEAD, which must be pointing to the unborn master branch.
+///
+/// Throws a [LibGit2Error] if repository is corrupted.
+bool isEmpty(Pointer<git_repository> repo) {
+  final error = libgit2.git_repository_is_empty(repo);
+
+  if (error < 0) {
+    throw LibGit2Error(libgit2.git_error_last());
+  } else {
+    return error == 1 ? true : false;
+  }
+}
+
+/// Retrieve and resolve the reference pointed at by HEAD.
+///
+/// The returned `git_reference` will be owned by caller and must be freed
+/// to release the allocated memory and prevent a leak.
 ///
 /// Throws a [LibGit2Error] if error occured.
+Pointer<git_reference> head(Pointer<git_repository> repo) {
+  final out = calloc<Pointer<git_reference>>();
+  final error = libgit2.git_repository_head(out, repo);
+
+  if (error < 0) {
+    throw LibGit2Error(libgit2.git_error_last());
+  } else {
+    return out.value;
+  }
+}
+
+/// Check if a repository's HEAD is detached.
+///
+/// A repository's HEAD is detached when it points directly to a commit instead of a branch.
+///
+/// Throws a [LibGit2Error] if error occured.
+bool isHeadDetached(Pointer<git_repository> repo) {
+  final error = libgit2.git_repository_head_detached(repo);
+
+  if (error < 0) {
+    throw LibGit2Error(libgit2.git_error_last());
+  } else {
+    return error == 1 ? true : false;
+  }
+}
+
+/// Check if the current branch is unborn.
+///
+/// An unborn branch is one named from HEAD but which doesn't exist in the refs namespace,
+/// because it doesn't have any commit to point to.
+///
+/// Throws a [LibGit2Error] if error occured.
+bool isBranchUnborn(Pointer<git_repository> repo) {
+  final error = libgit2.git_repository_head_unborn(repo);
+
+  if (error < 0) {
+    throw LibGit2Error(libgit2.git_error_last());
+  } else {
+    return error == 1 ? true : false;
+  }
+}
+
+/// Set the identity to be used for writing reflogs.
+///
+/// If both are set, this name and email will be used to write to the reflog.
+/// Pass NULL to unset. When unset, the identity will be taken from the repository's configuration.
+void setIdentity(Pointer<git_repository> repo, String? name, String? email) {
+  final nameC = name?.toNativeUtf8().cast<Int8>() ?? nullptr;
+  final emailC = email?.toNativeUtf8().cast<Int8>() ?? nullptr;
+
+  libgit2.git_repository_set_ident(repo, nameC, emailC);
+
+  calloc.free(nameC);
+  calloc.free(emailC);
+}
+
+/// Retrieve the configured identity to use for reflogs.
+Map<String, String> identity(Pointer<git_repository> repo) {
+  final name = calloc<Pointer<Int8>>();
+  final email = calloc<Pointer<Int8>>();
+  libgit2.git_repository_ident(name, email, repo);
+  var identity = <String, String>{};
+
+  if (name.value == nullptr && email.value == nullptr) {
+    return identity;
+  } else {
+    identity[name.value.cast<Utf8>().toDartString()] =
+        email.value.cast<Utf8>().toDartString();
+  }
+
+  calloc.free(name);
+  calloc.free(email);
+
+  return identity;
+}
+
+/// Get the Index file for this repository.
+///
+/// If a custom index has not been set, the default index for the repository
+/// will be returned (the one located in `.git/index`).
+///
+/// The index must be freed once it's no longer being used.
+///
+/// Throws a [LibGit2Error] if error occured.
+Pointer<git_index> index(Pointer<git_repository> repo) {
+  final out = calloc<Pointer<git_index>>();
+  final error = libgit2.git_repository_index(out, repo);
+
+  if (error < 0) {
+    throw LibGit2Error(libgit2.git_error_last());
+  } else {
+    return out.value;
+  }
+}
+
+/// Determine if the repository was a shallow clone.
+bool isShallow(Pointer<git_repository> repo) {
+  final result = libgit2.git_repository_is_shallow(repo);
+  return result == 1 ? true : false;
+}
+
+/// Check if a repository is a linked work tree.
+bool isWorktree(Pointer<git_repository> repo) {
+  final result = libgit2.git_repository_is_worktree(repo);
+  return result == 1 ? true : false;
+}
+
+/// Retrieve git's prepared message.
+///
+/// Operations such as git revert/cherry-pick/merge with the -n option
+/// stop just short of creating a commit with the changes and save their
+/// prepared message in .git/MERGE_MSG so the next git-commit execution
+/// can present it to the user for them to amend if they wish.
+///
+/// Use this function to get the contents of this file.
+/// Don't forget to remove the file with [removeMessage] after you create the commit.
+///
+/// Throws a [LibGit2Error] if error occured.
+String message(Pointer<git_repository> repo) {
+  final out = calloc<git_buf>();
+  final error = libgit2.git_repository_message(out, repo);
+  final result = out.ref.ptr.cast<Utf8>().toDartString();
+  calloc.free(out);
+
+  if (error < 0) {
+    throw LibGit2Error(libgit2.git_error_last());
+  } else {
+    return result;
+  }
+}
+
+/// Remove git's prepared message.
+void removeMessage(Pointer<git_repository> repo) {
+  libgit2.git_repository_message_remove(repo);
+}
+
+/// Get the Object Database for this repository.
+///
+/// If a custom ODB has not been set, the default database for the repository
+/// will be returned (the one located in `.git/objects`).
+///
+/// The ODB must be freed once it's no longer being used.
+///
+/// Throws a [LibGit2Error] if error occured.
+Pointer<git_odb> odb(Pointer<git_repository> repo) {
+  final out = calloc<Pointer<git_odb>>();
+  final error = libgit2.git_repository_odb(out, repo);
+
+  if (error < 0) {
+    throw LibGit2Error(libgit2.git_error_last());
+  } else {
+    return out.value;
+  }
+}
+
+/// Get the Reference Database Backend for this repository.
+///
+/// If a custom refsdb has not been set, the default database for the repository
+/// will be returned (the one that manipulates loose and packed references in
+/// the `.git` directory).
+///
+/// The refdb must be freed once it's no longer being used.
+///
+/// Throws a [LibGit2Error] if error occured.
+Pointer<git_refdb> refdb(Pointer<git_repository> repo) {
+  final out = calloc<Pointer<git_refdb>>();
+  final error = libgit2.git_repository_refdb(out, repo);
+
+  if (error < 0) {
+    throw LibGit2Error(libgit2.git_error_last());
+  } else {
+    return out.value;
+  }
+}
+
+/// Make the repository HEAD point to the specified reference.
+///
+/// If the provided reference points to a Tree or a Blob, the HEAD is unaltered.
+///
+/// If the provided reference points to a branch, the HEAD will point to that branch,
+/// staying attached, or become attached if it isn't yet.
+///
+/// If the branch doesn't exist yet, the HEAD will be attached to an unborn branch.
+///
+/// Otherwise, the HEAD will be detached and will directly point to the Commit.
+///
+/// Throws a [LibGit2Error] if error occured.
+void setHead(Pointer<git_repository> repo, String ref) {
+  final refname = ref.toNativeUtf8().cast<Int8>();
+  final error = libgit2.git_repository_set_head(repo, refname);
+  calloc.free(refname);
+
+  if (error < 0 && error != -1) {
+    throw LibGit2Error(libgit2.git_error_last());
+  }
+}
+
+/// Make the repository HEAD directly point to the commit.
+///
+/// If the provided committish cannot be found in the repository, the HEAD is unaltered.
+///
+/// If the provided commitish cannot be peeled into a commit, the HEAD is unaltered.
+///
+/// Otherwise, the HEAD will eventually be detached and will directly point to the peeled commit.
+///
+/// Throws a [LibGit2Error] if error occured.
+void setHeadDetached(Pointer<git_repository> repo, Pointer<git_oid> commitish) {
+  final error = libgit2.git_repository_set_head_detached(repo, commitish);
+
+  if (error < 0 && (error != -1 || error != -3)) {
+    throw LibGit2Error(libgit2.git_error_last());
+  }
+}
+
+/// Make the repository HEAD directly point to the commit.
+///
+/// This behaves like [setHeadDetached] but takes an annotated commit,
+/// which lets you specify which extended sha syntax string was specified
+/// by a user, allowing for more exact reflog messages.
+///
+/// See the documentation for [setHeadDetached].
+void setHeadDetachedFromAnnotated(
+  Pointer<git_repository> repo,
+  Pointer<git_annotated_commit> commitish,
+) {
+  final error =
+      libgit2.git_repository_set_head_detached_from_annotated(repo, commitish);
+
+  if (error < 0 && (error != -1 || error != -3)) {
+    throw LibGit2Error(libgit2.git_error_last());
+  }
+}
+
+/// Sets the active namespace for this Git Repository
+///
+/// This namespace affects all reference operations for the repo. See `man gitnamespaces`
+///
+/// The [namespace] should not include the refs folder, e.g. to namespace all references
+/// under refs/namespaces/foo/, use foo as the namespace.
+///
+/// Throws a [LibGit2Error] if error occured.
+void setNamespace(Pointer<git_repository> repo, String namespace) {
+  final nmspace = namespace.toNativeUtf8().cast<Int8>();
+  final error = libgit2.git_repository_set_namespace(repo, nmspace);
+  calloc.free(nmspace);
+
+  if (error < 0) {
+    throw LibGit2Error(libgit2.git_error_last());
+  }
+}
+
+/// Set the path to the working directory for this repository
+///
+/// The working directory doesn't need to be the same one that contains the
+/// `.git` folder for this repository.
+///
+/// If this repository is bare, setting its working directory will turn it into a
+/// normal repository, capable of performing all the common workdir operations
+/// (checkout, status, index manipulation, etc).
+///
+/// Throws a [LibGit2Error] if error occured.
+void setWorkdir(
+  Pointer<git_repository> repo,
+  String path,
+  bool updateGitlink,
+) {
+  final workdir = path.toNativeUtf8().cast<Int8>();
+  final update_gitlink = updateGitlink ? 1 : 0;
+  final error =
+      libgit2.git_repository_set_workdir(repo, workdir, update_gitlink);
+  calloc.free(workdir);
+
+  if (error < 0) {
+    throw LibGit2Error(libgit2.git_error_last());
+  }
+}
+
+/// Determines the status of a git repository - ie, whether an operation
+/// (merge, cherry-pick, etc) is in progress.
+int state(Pointer<git_repository> repo) => libgit2.git_repository_state(repo);
+
+/// Remove all the metadata associated with an ongoing command like
+/// merge, revert, cherry-pick, etc. For example: MERGE_HEAD, MERGE_MSG, etc.
+///
+/// Throws a [LibGit2Error] if error occured.
+void stateCleanup(Pointer<git_repository> repo) {
+  final error = libgit2.git_repository_state_cleanup(repo);
+
+  if (error < 0) {
+    throw LibGit2Error(libgit2.git_error_last());
+  }
+}
+
+/// Get the path of the working directory for this repository.
+///
+/// If the repository is bare, this function will always return empty string.
+String workdir(Pointer<git_repository> repo) {
+  final result = libgit2.git_repository_workdir(repo);
+
+  if (result == nullptr) {
+    return '';
+  } else {
+    return result.cast<Utf8>().toDartString();
+  }
+}
+
+/// Create a "fake" repository to wrap an object database
+///
+/// Create a repository object to wrap an object database to be used with the API
+/// when all you have is an object database. This doesn't have any paths associated
+/// with it, so use with care.
+///
+/// Throws a [LibGit2Error] if error occured.
+Pointer<git_repository> wrapODB(Pointer<git_odb> odb) {
+  final out = calloc<Pointer<git_repository>>();
+  final error = libgit2.git_repository_wrap_odb(out, odb);
+
+  if (error < 0) {
+    throw LibGit2Error(libgit2.git_error_last());
+  } else {
+    return out.value;
+  }
+}
+
+/// Find a single object, as specified by a [spec] string.
 ///
 /// The returned object should be released when no longer needed.
+///
+/// Throws a [LibGit2Error] if error occured.
 Pointer<Pointer<git_object>> revParseSingle(
   Pointer<git_repository> repo,
   String spec,
diff --git a/lib/src/config.dart b/lib/src/config.dart
index 97aa340..d3e4871 100644
--- a/lib/src/config.dart
+++ b/lib/src/config.dart
@@ -38,8 +38,6 @@ class Config {
         rethrow;
       }
     }
-
-    libgit2.git_libgit2_shutdown();
   }
 
   /// Initializes a new instance of [Config] class.
@@ -57,8 +55,6 @@ class Config {
       _configPointer = nullptr;
       rethrow;
     }
-
-    libgit2.git_libgit2_shutdown();
   }
 
   /// Initializes a new instance of [Config] class.
@@ -76,8 +72,6 @@ class Config {
       _configPointer = nullptr;
       rethrow;
     }
-
-    libgit2.git_libgit2_shutdown();
   }
 
   /// Initializes a new instance of [Config] class.
@@ -95,8 +89,6 @@ class Config {
       _configPointer = nullptr;
       rethrow;
     }
-
-    libgit2.git_libgit2_shutdown();
   }
 
   /// Path to on-disk config file provided by user.
@@ -175,5 +167,6 @@ class Config {
   /// Releases memory allocated for config object.
   void close() {
     calloc.free(_configPointer);
+    libgit2.git_libgit2_shutdown();
   }
 }
diff --git a/lib/src/repository.dart b/lib/src/repository.dart
index 6ea7fdf..e910fbb 100644
--- a/lib/src/repository.dart
+++ b/lib/src/repository.dart
@@ -1,33 +1,151 @@
 import 'dart:ffi';
 import 'package:ffi/ffi.dart';
 import 'bindings/libgit2_bindings.dart';
-import 'bindings/repository.dart' as repository;
+import 'bindings/repository.dart' as bindings;
 import 'util.dart';
 
 /// A Repository is the primary interface into a git repository
 class Repository {
-  Repository();
-
   /// Initializes a new instance of the [Repository] class.
-  /// For a standard repository, [dir] should either point to the `.git` folder
-  /// or to the working directory. For a bare repository, [dir] should directly
+  /// For a standard repository, [path] should either point to the `.git` folder
+  /// or to the working directory. For a bare repository, [path] should directly
   /// point to the repository folder.
-  Repository.open(String dir) {
+  ///
+  /// [Repository] object should be close with [close] function to release allocated memory.
+  ///
+  /// Throws a [LibGit2Error] if error occured.
+  Repository.open(String path) {
     libgit2.git_libgit2_init();
 
-    final _repoPointer = repository.open(dir);
-    path = repository.path(_repoPointer.value);
-    namespace = repository.getNamespace(_repoPointer.value);
-    isBare = repository.isBare(_repoPointer.value);
+    try {
+      _repoPointer = bindings.open(path);
+    } catch (e) {
+      rethrow;
+    }
+  }
 
-    // free up neccessary pointers
+  /// Pointer to memory address for allocated repository object.
+  late final Pointer<git_repository> _repoPointer;
+
+  /// Returns path to the `.git` folder for normal repositories
+  /// or path to the repository itself for bare repositories.
+  String path() => bindings.path(_repoPointer);
+
+  /// Returns the path of the shared common directory for this repository.
+  ///
+  /// If the repository is bare, it is the root directory for the repository.
+  /// If the repository is a worktree, it is the parent repo's `.git` folder.
+  /// Otherwise, it is the `.git` folder.
+  String commonDir() => bindings.commonDir(_repoPointer);
+
+  /// Returns the currently active namespace for this repository.
+  ///
+  /// If there is no namespace, or the namespace is not a valid utf8 string,
+  /// empty string is returned.
+  String getNamespace() => bindings.getNamespace(_repoPointer);
+
+  /// Checks whether this repository is a bare repository or not.
+  bool isBare() => bindings.isBare(_repoPointer);
+
+  /// Check if a repository is empty.
+  ///
+  /// An empty repository has just been initialized and contains no references
+  /// apart from HEAD, which must be pointing to the unborn master branch.
+  ///
+  /// Throws a [LibGit2Error] if repository is corrupted.
+  bool isEmpty() => bindings.isEmpty(_repoPointer);
+
+  /// Checks if a repository's HEAD is detached.
+  ///
+  /// A repository's HEAD is detached when it points directly to a commit instead of a branch.
+  ///
+  /// Throws a [LibGit2Error] if error occured.
+  bool isHeadDetached() {
+    try {
+      return bindings.isHeadDetached(_repoPointer);
+    } catch (e) {
+      rethrow;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Checks if the current branch is unborn.
+  ///
+  /// An unborn branch is one named from HEAD but which doesn't exist in the refs namespace,
+  /// because it doesn't have any commit to point to.
+  ///
+  /// Throws a [LibGit2Error] if error occured.
+  bool isBranchUnborn() {
+    try {
+      return bindings.isBranchUnborn(_repoPointer);
+    } catch (e) {
+      rethrow;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Sets the identity to be used for writing reflogs.
+  ///
+  /// If both are set, this name and email will be used to write to the reflog.
+  /// Pass NULL to unset. When unset, the identity will be taken from the repository's configuration.
+  void setIdentity({required String? name, required String? email}) {
+    bindings.setIdentity(_repoPointer, name, email);
+  }
+
+  /// Returns the configured identity to use for reflogs.
+  Map<String, String> identity() => bindings.identity(_repoPointer);
+
+  /// Checks if the repository was a shallow clone.
+  bool isShallow() => bindings.isShallow(_repoPointer);
+
+  /// Checks if a repository is a linked work tree.
+  bool isWorktree() => bindings.isWorktree(_repoPointer);
+
+  /// Retrieves git's prepared message.
+  ///
+  /// Operations such as git revert/cherry-pick/merge with the -n option
+  /// stop just short of creating a commit with the changes and save their
+  /// prepared message in .git/MERGE_MSG so the next git-commit execution
+  /// can present it to the user for them to amend if they wish.
+  ///
+  /// Use this function to get the contents of this file.
+  /// Don't forget to remove the file with [removeMessage] after you create the commit.
+  ///
+  /// Throws a [LibGit2Error] if error occured.
+  String message() {
+    try {
+      return bindings.message(_repoPointer);
+    } catch (e) {
+      rethrow;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Removes git's prepared message.
+  void removeMessage() => bindings.removeMessage(_repoPointer);
+
+  /// Returns the status of a git repository - ie, whether an operation
+  /// (merge, cherry-pick, etc) is in progress.
+  // git_repository_state_t from libgit2_bindings.dart represents possible states
+  int state() => bindings.state(_repoPointer);
+
+  /// Removes all the metadata associated with an ongoing command like
+  /// merge, revert, cherry-pick, etc. For example: MERGE_HEAD, MERGE_MSG, etc.
+  ///
+  /// Throws a [LibGit2Error] if error occured.
+  void stateCleanup() {
+    try {
+      bindings.stateCleanup(_repoPointer);
+    } catch (e) {
+      rethrow;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Returns the path of the working directory for this repository.
+  ///
+  /// If the repository is bare, this function will always return empty string.
+  String workdir() => bindings.workdir(_repoPointer);
+
+  /// Releases memory allocated for repository object.
+  void close() {
     calloc.free(_repoPointer);
     libgit2.git_libgit2_shutdown();
   }
-
-  /// Path to the `.git` folder for normal repositories
-  /// or path to the repository itself for bare repositories.
-  late String path;
-  late String namespace;
-  late bool isBare;
 }
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_bare.git/HEAD b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/HEAD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb089cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/HEAD
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ref: refs/heads/master
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_bare.git/branches/empty_marker b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/branches/empty_marker
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_bare.git/config b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/config
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07d359d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/config
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+[core]
+	repositoryformatversion = 0
+	filemode = true
+	bare = true
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_bare.git/description b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/description
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..498b267
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/description
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Unnamed repository; edit this file 'description' to name the repository.
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/applypatch-msg.sample b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/applypatch-msg.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..09b38a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/applypatch-msg.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/usr/bin/sh
+#
+# An example hook script to check the commit log message taken by
+# applypatch from an e-mail message.
+#
+# The hook should exit with non-zero status after issuing an
+# appropriate message if it wants to stop the commit.  The hook is
+# allowed to edit the commit message file.
+#
+# To enable this hook, rename this file to "applypatch-msg".
+
+. git-sh-setup
+commitmsg="$(git rev-parse --git-path hooks/commit-msg)"
+test -x "$commitmsg" && exec "$commitmsg" ${1+"$@"}
+:
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/commit-msg.sample b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/commit-msg.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3ced146
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/commit-msg.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/usr/bin/sh
+#
+# An example hook script to check the commit log message.
+# Called by "git commit" with one argument, the name of the file
+# that has the commit message.  The hook should exit with non-zero
+# status after issuing an appropriate message if it wants to stop the
+# commit.  The hook is allowed to edit the commit message file.
+#
+# To enable this hook, rename this file to "commit-msg".
+
+# Uncomment the below to add a Signed-off-by line to the message.
+# Doing this in a hook is a bad idea in general, but the prepare-commit-msg
+# hook is more suited to it.
+#
+# SOB=$(git var GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT | sed -n 's/^\(.*>\).*$/Signed-off-by: \1/p')
+# grep -qs "^$SOB" "$1" || echo "$SOB" >> "$1"
+
+# This example catches duplicate Signed-off-by lines.
+
+test "" = "$(grep '^Signed-off-by: ' "$1" |
+	 sort | uniq -c | sed -e '/^[ 	]*1[ 	]/d')" || {
+	echo >&2 Duplicate Signed-off-by lines.
+	exit 1
+}
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/fsmonitor-watchman.sample b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/fsmonitor-watchman.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..14ed0aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/fsmonitor-watchman.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use IPC::Open2;
+
+# An example hook script to integrate Watchman
+# (https://facebook.github.io/watchman/) with git to speed up detecting
+# new and modified files.
+#
+# The hook is passed a version (currently 2) and last update token
+# formatted as a string and outputs to stdout a new update token and
+# all files that have been modified since the update token. Paths must
+# be relative to the root of the working tree and separated by a single NUL.
+#
+# To enable this hook, rename this file to "query-watchman" and set
+# 'git config core.fsmonitor .git/hooks/query-watchman'
+#
+my ($version, $last_update_token) = @ARGV;
+
+# Uncomment for debugging
+# print STDERR "$0 $version $last_update_token\n";
+
+# Check the hook interface version
+if ($version ne 2) {
+	die "Unsupported query-fsmonitor hook version '$version'.\n" .
+	    "Falling back to scanning...\n";
+}
+
+my $git_work_tree = get_working_dir();
+
+my $retry = 1;
+
+my $json_pkg;
+eval {
+	require JSON::XS;
+	$json_pkg = "JSON::XS";
+	1;
+} or do {
+	require JSON::PP;
+	$json_pkg = "JSON::PP";
+};
+
+launch_watchman();
+
+sub launch_watchman {
+	my $o = watchman_query();
+	if (is_work_tree_watched($o)) {
+		output_result($o->{clock}, @{$o->{files}});
+	}
+}
+
+sub output_result {
+	my ($clockid, @files) = @_;
+
+	# Uncomment for debugging watchman output
+	# open (my $fh, ">", ".git/watchman-output.out");
+	# binmode $fh, ":utf8";
+	# print $fh "$clockid\n@files\n";
+	# close $fh;
+
+	binmode STDOUT, ":utf8";
+	print $clockid;
+	print "\0";
+	local $, = "\0";
+	print @files;
+}
+
+sub watchman_clock {
+	my $response = qx/watchman clock "$git_work_tree"/;
+	die "Failed to get clock id on '$git_work_tree'.\n" .
+		"Falling back to scanning...\n" if $? != 0;
+
+	return $json_pkg->new->utf8->decode($response);
+}
+
+sub watchman_query {
+	my $pid = open2(\*CHLD_OUT, \*CHLD_IN, 'watchman -j --no-pretty')
+	or die "open2() failed: $!\n" .
+	"Falling back to scanning...\n";
+
+	# In the query expression below we're asking for names of files that
+	# changed since $last_update_token but not from the .git folder.
+	#
+	# To accomplish this, we're using the "since" generator to use the
+	# recency index to select candidate nodes and "fields" to limit the
+	# output to file names only. Then we're using the "expression" term to
+	# further constrain the results.
+	if (substr($last_update_token, 0, 1) eq "c") {
+		$last_update_token = "\"$last_update_token\"";
+	}
+	my $query = <<"	END";
+		["query", "$git_work_tree", {
+			"since": $last_update_token,
+			"fields": ["name"],
+			"expression": ["not", ["dirname", ".git"]]
+		}]
+	END
+
+	# Uncomment for debugging the watchman query
+	# open (my $fh, ">", ".git/watchman-query.json");
+	# print $fh $query;
+	# close $fh;
+
+	print CHLD_IN $query;
+	close CHLD_IN;
+	my $response = do {local $/; <CHLD_OUT>};
+
+	# Uncomment for debugging the watch response
+	# open ($fh, ">", ".git/watchman-response.json");
+	# print $fh $response;
+	# close $fh;
+
+	die "Watchman: command returned no output.\n" .
+	"Falling back to scanning...\n" if $response eq "";
+	die "Watchman: command returned invalid output: $response\n" .
+	"Falling back to scanning...\n" unless $response =~ /^\{/;
+
+	return $json_pkg->new->utf8->decode($response);
+}
+
+sub is_work_tree_watched {
+	my ($output) = @_;
+	my $error = $output->{error};
+	if ($retry > 0 and $error and $error =~ m/unable to resolve root .* directory (.*) is not watched/) {
+		$retry--;
+		my $response = qx/watchman watch "$git_work_tree"/;
+		die "Failed to make watchman watch '$git_work_tree'.\n" .
+		    "Falling back to scanning...\n" if $? != 0;
+		$output = $json_pkg->new->utf8->decode($response);
+		$error = $output->{error};
+		die "Watchman: $error.\n" .
+		"Falling back to scanning...\n" if $error;
+
+		# Uncomment for debugging watchman output
+		# open (my $fh, ">", ".git/watchman-output.out");
+		# close $fh;
+
+		# Watchman will always return all files on the first query so
+		# return the fast "everything is dirty" flag to git and do the
+		# Watchman query just to get it over with now so we won't pay
+		# the cost in git to look up each individual file.
+		my $o = watchman_clock();
+		$error = $output->{error};
+
+		die "Watchman: $error.\n" .
+		"Falling back to scanning...\n" if $error;
+
+		output_result($o->{clock}, ("/"));
+		$last_update_token = $o->{clock};
+
+		eval { launch_watchman() };
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	die "Watchman: $error.\n" .
+	"Falling back to scanning...\n" if $error;
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+sub get_working_dir {
+	my $working_dir;
+	if ($^O =~ 'msys' || $^O =~ 'cygwin') {
+		$working_dir = Win32::GetCwd();
+		$working_dir =~ tr/\\/\//;
+	} else {
+		require Cwd;
+		$working_dir = Cwd::cwd();
+	}
+
+	return $working_dir;
+}
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/post-update.sample b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/post-update.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ee496e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/post-update.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/usr/bin/sh
+#
+# An example hook script to prepare a packed repository for use over
+# dumb transports.
+#
+# To enable this hook, rename this file to "post-update".
+
+exec git update-server-info
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/pre-applypatch.sample b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/pre-applypatch.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..845130a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/pre-applypatch.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/usr/bin/sh
+#
+# An example hook script to verify what is about to be committed
+# by applypatch from an e-mail message.
+#
+# The hook should exit with non-zero status after issuing an
+# appropriate message if it wants to stop the commit.
+#
+# To enable this hook, rename this file to "pre-applypatch".
+
+. git-sh-setup
+precommit="$(git rev-parse --git-path hooks/pre-commit)"
+test -x "$precommit" && exec "$precommit" ${1+"$@"}
+:
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/pre-commit.sample b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/pre-commit.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..be32e5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/pre-commit.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#!/usr/bin/sh
+#
+# An example hook script to verify what is about to be committed.
+# Called by "git commit" with no arguments.  The hook should
+# exit with non-zero status after issuing an appropriate message if
+# it wants to stop the commit.
+#
+# To enable this hook, rename this file to "pre-commit".
+
+if git rev-parse --verify HEAD >/dev/null 2>&1
+then
+	against=HEAD
+else
+	# Initial commit: diff against an empty tree object
+	against=$(git hash-object -t tree /dev/null)
+fi
+
+# If you want to allow non-ASCII filenames set this variable to true.
+allownonascii=$(git config --type=bool hooks.allownonascii)
+
+# Redirect output to stderr.
+exec 1>&2
+
+# Cross platform projects tend to avoid non-ASCII filenames; prevent
+# them from being added to the repository. We exploit the fact that the
+# printable range starts at the space character and ends with tilde.
+if [ "$allownonascii" != "true" ] &&
+	# Note that the use of brackets around a tr range is ok here, (it's
+	# even required, for portability to Solaris 10's /usr/bin/tr), since
+	# the square bracket bytes happen to fall in the designated range.
+	test $(git diff --cached --name-only --diff-filter=A -z $against |
+	  LC_ALL=C tr -d '[ -~]\0' | wc -c) != 0
+then
+	cat <<\EOF
+Error: Attempt to add a non-ASCII file name.
+
+This can cause problems if you want to work with people on other platforms.
+
+To be portable it is advisable to rename the file.
+
+If you know what you are doing you can disable this check using:
+
+  git config hooks.allownonascii true
+EOF
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+# If there are whitespace errors, print the offending file names and fail.
+exec git diff-index --check --cached $against --
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/pre-merge-commit.sample b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/pre-merge-commit.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..09b65a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/pre-merge-commit.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#!/usr/bin/sh
+#
+# An example hook script to verify what is about to be committed.
+# Called by "git merge" with no arguments.  The hook should
+# exit with non-zero status after issuing an appropriate message to
+# stderr if it wants to stop the merge commit.
+#
+# To enable this hook, rename this file to "pre-merge-commit".
+
+. git-sh-setup
+test -x "$GIT_DIR/hooks/pre-commit" &&
+        exec "$GIT_DIR/hooks/pre-commit"
+:
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/pre-push.sample b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/pre-push.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d5e513d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/pre-push.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#!/usr/bin/sh
+
+# An example hook script to verify what is about to be pushed.  Called by "git
+# push" after it has checked the remote status, but before anything has been
+# pushed.  If this script exits with a non-zero status nothing will be pushed.
+#
+# This hook is called with the following parameters:
+#
+# $1 -- Name of the remote to which the push is being done
+# $2 -- URL to which the push is being done
+#
+# If pushing without using a named remote those arguments will be equal.
+#
+# Information about the commits which are being pushed is supplied as lines to
+# the standard input in the form:
+#
+#   <local ref> <local oid> <remote ref> <remote oid>
+#
+# This sample shows how to prevent push of commits where the log message starts
+# with "WIP" (work in progress).
+
+remote="$1"
+url="$2"
+
+zero=$(git hash-object --stdin </dev/null | tr '[0-9a-f]' '0')
+
+while read local_ref local_oid remote_ref remote_oid
+do
+	if test "$local_oid" = "$zero"
+	then
+		# Handle delete
+		:
+	else
+		if test "$remote_oid" = "$zero"
+		then
+			# New branch, examine all commits
+			range="$local_oid"
+		else
+			# Update to existing branch, examine new commits
+			range="$remote_oid..$local_oid"
+		fi
+
+		# Check for WIP commit
+		commit=$(git rev-list -n 1 --grep '^WIP' "$range")
+		if test -n "$commit"
+		then
+			echo >&2 "Found WIP commit in $local_ref, not pushing"
+			exit 1
+		fi
+	fi
+done
+
+exit 0
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/pre-rebase.sample b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/pre-rebase.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..36efc64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/pre-rebase.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+#!/usr/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006, 2008 Junio C Hamano
+#
+# The "pre-rebase" hook is run just before "git rebase" starts doing
+# its job, and can prevent the command from running by exiting with
+# non-zero status.
+#
+# The hook is called with the following parameters:
+#
+# $1 -- the upstream the series was forked from.
+# $2 -- the branch being rebased (or empty when rebasing the current branch).
+#
+# This sample shows how to prevent topic branches that are already
+# merged to 'next' branch from getting rebased, because allowing it
+# would result in rebasing already published history.
+
+publish=next
+basebranch="$1"
+if test "$#" = 2
+then
+	topic="refs/heads/$2"
+else
+	topic=`git symbolic-ref HEAD` ||
+	exit 0 ;# we do not interrupt rebasing detached HEAD
+fi
+
+case "$topic" in
+refs/heads/??/*)
+	;;
+*)
+	exit 0 ;# we do not interrupt others.
+	;;
+esac
+
+# Now we are dealing with a topic branch being rebased
+# on top of master.  Is it OK to rebase it?
+
+# Does the topic really exist?
+git show-ref -q "$topic" || {
+	echo >&2 "No such branch $topic"
+	exit 1
+}
+
+# Is topic fully merged to master?
+not_in_master=`git rev-list --pretty=oneline ^master "$topic"`
+if test -z "$not_in_master"
+then
+	echo >&2 "$topic is fully merged to master; better remove it."
+	exit 1 ;# we could allow it, but there is no point.
+fi
+
+# Is topic ever merged to next?  If so you should not be rebasing it.
+only_next_1=`git rev-list ^master "^$topic" ${publish} | sort`
+only_next_2=`git rev-list ^master           ${publish} | sort`
+if test "$only_next_1" = "$only_next_2"
+then
+	not_in_topic=`git rev-list "^$topic" master`
+	if test -z "$not_in_topic"
+	then
+		echo >&2 "$topic is already up to date with master"
+		exit 1 ;# we could allow it, but there is no point.
+	else
+		exit 0
+	fi
+else
+	not_in_next=`git rev-list --pretty=oneline ^${publish} "$topic"`
+	/usr/bin/perl -e '
+		my $topic = $ARGV[0];
+		my $msg = "* $topic has commits already merged to public branch:\n";
+		my (%not_in_next) = map {
+			/^([0-9a-f]+) /;
+			($1 => 1);
+		} split(/\n/, $ARGV[1]);
+		for my $elem (map {
+				/^([0-9a-f]+) (.*)$/;
+				[$1 => $2];
+			} split(/\n/, $ARGV[2])) {
+			if (!exists $not_in_next{$elem->[0]}) {
+				if ($msg) {
+					print STDERR $msg;
+					undef $msg;
+				}
+				print STDERR " $elem->[1]\n";
+			}
+		}
+	' "$topic" "$not_in_next" "$not_in_master"
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+<<\DOC_END
+
+This sample hook safeguards topic branches that have been
+published from being rewound.
+
+The workflow assumed here is:
+
+ * Once a topic branch forks from "master", "master" is never
+   merged into it again (either directly or indirectly).
+
+ * Once a topic branch is fully cooked and merged into "master",
+   it is deleted.  If you need to build on top of it to correct
+   earlier mistakes, a new topic branch is created by forking at
+   the tip of the "master".  This is not strictly necessary, but
+   it makes it easier to keep your history simple.
+
+ * Whenever you need to test or publish your changes to topic
+   branches, merge them into "next" branch.
+
+The script, being an example, hardcodes the publish branch name
+to be "next", but it is trivial to make it configurable via
+$GIT_DIR/config mechanism.
+
+With this workflow, you would want to know:
+
+(1) ... if a topic branch has ever been merged to "next".  Young
+    topic branches can have stupid mistakes you would rather
+    clean up before publishing, and things that have not been
+    merged into other branches can be easily rebased without
+    affecting other people.  But once it is published, you would
+    not want to rewind it.
+
+(2) ... if a topic branch has been fully merged to "master".
+    Then you can delete it.  More importantly, you should not
+    build on top of it -- other people may already want to
+    change things related to the topic as patches against your
+    "master", so if you need further changes, it is better to
+    fork the topic (perhaps with the same name) afresh from the
+    tip of "master".
+
+Let's look at this example:
+
+		   o---o---o---o---o---o---o---o---o---o "next"
+		  /       /           /           /
+		 /   a---a---b A     /           /
+		/   /               /           /
+	       /   /   c---c---c---c B         /
+	      /   /   /             \         /
+	     /   /   /   b---b C     \       /
+	    /   /   /   /             \     /
+    ---o---o---o---o---o---o---o---o---o---o---o "master"
+
+
+A, B and C are topic branches.
+
+ * A has one fix since it was merged up to "next".
+
+ * B has finished.  It has been fully merged up to "master" and "next",
+   and is ready to be deleted.
+
+ * C has not merged to "next" at all.
+
+We would want to allow C to be rebased, refuse A, and encourage
+B to be deleted.
+
+To compute (1):
+
+	git rev-list ^master ^topic next
+	git rev-list ^master        next
+
+	if these match, topic has not merged in next at all.
+
+To compute (2):
+
+	git rev-list master..topic
+
+	if this is empty, it is fully merged to "master".
+
+DOC_END
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/pre-receive.sample b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/pre-receive.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6f473c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/pre-receive.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/usr/bin/sh
+#
+# An example hook script to make use of push options.
+# The example simply echoes all push options that start with 'echoback='
+# and rejects all pushes when the "reject" push option is used.
+#
+# To enable this hook, rename this file to "pre-receive".
+
+if test -n "$GIT_PUSH_OPTION_COUNT"
+then
+	i=0
+	while test "$i" -lt "$GIT_PUSH_OPTION_COUNT"
+	do
+		eval "value=\$GIT_PUSH_OPTION_$i"
+		case "$value" in
+		echoback=*)
+			echo "echo from the pre-receive-hook: ${value#*=}" >&2
+			;;
+		reject)
+			exit 1
+		esac
+		i=$((i + 1))
+	done
+fi
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/prepare-commit-msg.sample b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/prepare-commit-msg.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..cd8e794
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/prepare-commit-msg.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/usr/bin/sh
+#
+# An example hook script to prepare the commit log message.
+# Called by "git commit" with the name of the file that has the
+# commit message, followed by the description of the commit
+# message's source.  The hook's purpose is to edit the commit
+# message file.  If the hook fails with a non-zero status,
+# the commit is aborted.
+#
+# To enable this hook, rename this file to "prepare-commit-msg".
+
+# This hook includes three examples. The first one removes the
+# "# Please enter the commit message..." help message.
+#
+# The second includes the output of "git diff --name-status -r"
+# into the message, just before the "git status" output.  It is
+# commented because it doesn't cope with --amend or with squashed
+# commits.
+#
+# The third example adds a Signed-off-by line to the message, that can
+# still be edited.  This is rarely a good idea.
+
+COMMIT_MSG_FILE=$1
+COMMIT_SOURCE=$2
+SHA1=$3
+
+/usr/bin/perl -i.bak -ne 'print unless(m/^. Please enter the commit message/..m/^#$/)' "$COMMIT_MSG_FILE"
+
+# case "$COMMIT_SOURCE,$SHA1" in
+#  ,|template,)
+#    /usr/bin/perl -i.bak -pe '
+#       print "\n" . `git diff --cached --name-status -r`
+# 	 if /^#/ && $first++ == 0' "$COMMIT_MSG_FILE" ;;
+#  *) ;;
+# esac
+
+# SOB=$(git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT | sed -n 's/^\(.*>\).*$/Signed-off-by: \1/p')
+# git interpret-trailers --in-place --trailer "$SOB" "$COMMIT_MSG_FILE"
+# if test -z "$COMMIT_SOURCE"
+# then
+#   /usr/bin/perl -i.bak -pe 'print "\n" if !$first_line++' "$COMMIT_MSG_FILE"
+# fi
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/push-to-checkout.sample b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/push-to-checkout.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..badb4b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/push-to-checkout.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#!/usr/bin/sh
+
+# An example hook script to update a checked-out tree on a git push.
+#
+# This hook is invoked by git-receive-pack(1) when it reacts to git
+# push and updates reference(s) in its repository, and when the push
+# tries to update the branch that is currently checked out and the
+# receive.denyCurrentBranch configuration variable is set to
+# updateInstead.
+#
+# By default, such a push is refused if the working tree and the index
+# of the remote repository has any difference from the currently
+# checked out commit; when both the working tree and the index match
+# the current commit, they are updated to match the newly pushed tip
+# of the branch. This hook is to be used to override the default
+# behaviour; however the code below reimplements the default behaviour
+# as a starting point for convenient modification.
+#
+# The hook receives the commit with which the tip of the current
+# branch is going to be updated:
+commit=$1
+
+# It can exit with a non-zero status to refuse the push (when it does
+# so, it must not modify the index or the working tree).
+die () {
+	echo >&2 "$*"
+	exit 1
+}
+
+# Or it can make any necessary changes to the working tree and to the
+# index to bring them to the desired state when the tip of the current
+# branch is updated to the new commit, and exit with a zero status.
+#
+# For example, the hook can simply run git read-tree -u -m HEAD "$1"
+# in order to emulate git fetch that is run in the reverse direction
+# with git push, as the two-tree form of git read-tree -u -m is
+# essentially the same as git switch or git checkout that switches
+# branches while keeping the local changes in the working tree that do
+# not interfere with the difference between the branches.
+
+# The below is a more-or-less exact translation to shell of the C code
+# for the default behaviour for git's push-to-checkout hook defined in
+# the push_to_deploy() function in builtin/receive-pack.c.
+#
+# Note that the hook will be executed from the repository directory,
+# not from the working tree, so if you want to perform operations on
+# the working tree, you will have to adapt your code accordingly, e.g.
+# by adding "cd .." or using relative paths.
+
+if ! git update-index -q --ignore-submodules --refresh
+then
+	die "Up-to-date check failed"
+fi
+
+if ! git diff-files --quiet --ignore-submodules --
+then
+	die "Working directory has unstaged changes"
+fi
+
+# This is a rough translation of:
+#
+#   head_has_history() ? "HEAD" : EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_HEX
+if git cat-file -e HEAD 2>/dev/null
+then
+	head=HEAD
+else
+	head=$(git hash-object -t tree --stdin </dev/null)
+fi
+
+if ! git diff-index --quiet --cached --ignore-submodules $head --
+then
+	die "Working directory has staged changes"
+fi
+
+if ! git read-tree -u -m "$commit"
+then
+	die "Could not update working tree to new HEAD"
+fi
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/update.sample b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/update.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5503c12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/hooks/update.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+#!/usr/bin/sh
+#
+# An example hook script to block unannotated tags from entering.
+# Called by "git receive-pack" with arguments: refname sha1-old sha1-new
+#
+# To enable this hook, rename this file to "update".
+#
+# Config
+# ------
+# hooks.allowunannotated
+#   This boolean sets whether unannotated tags will be allowed into the
+#   repository.  By default they won't be.
+# hooks.allowdeletetag
+#   This boolean sets whether deleting tags will be allowed in the
+#   repository.  By default they won't be.
+# hooks.allowmodifytag
+#   This boolean sets whether a tag may be modified after creation. By default
+#   it won't be.
+# hooks.allowdeletebranch
+#   This boolean sets whether deleting branches will be allowed in the
+#   repository.  By default they won't be.
+# hooks.denycreatebranch
+#   This boolean sets whether remotely creating branches will be denied
+#   in the repository.  By default this is allowed.
+#
+
+# --- Command line
+refname="$1"
+oldrev="$2"
+newrev="$3"
+
+# --- Safety check
+if [ -z "$GIT_DIR" ]; then
+	echo "Don't run this script from the command line." >&2
+	echo " (if you want, you could supply GIT_DIR then run" >&2
+	echo "  $0 <ref> <oldrev> <newrev>)" >&2
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ -z "$refname" -o -z "$oldrev" -o -z "$newrev" ]; then
+	echo "usage: $0 <ref> <oldrev> <newrev>" >&2
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+# --- Config
+allowunannotated=$(git config --type=bool hooks.allowunannotated)
+allowdeletebranch=$(git config --type=bool hooks.allowdeletebranch)
+denycreatebranch=$(git config --type=bool hooks.denycreatebranch)
+allowdeletetag=$(git config --type=bool hooks.allowdeletetag)
+allowmodifytag=$(git config --type=bool hooks.allowmodifytag)
+
+# check for no description
+projectdesc=$(sed -e '1q' "$GIT_DIR/description")
+case "$projectdesc" in
+"Unnamed repository"* | "")
+	echo "*** Project description file hasn't been set" >&2
+	exit 1
+	;;
+esac
+
+# --- Check types
+# if $newrev is 0000...0000, it's a commit to delete a ref.
+zero=$(git hash-object --stdin </dev/null | tr '[0-9a-f]' '0')
+if [ "$newrev" = "$zero" ]; then
+	newrev_type=delete
+else
+	newrev_type=$(git cat-file -t $newrev)
+fi
+
+case "$refname","$newrev_type" in
+	refs/tags/*,commit)
+		# un-annotated tag
+		short_refname=${refname##refs/tags/}
+		if [ "$allowunannotated" != "true" ]; then
+			echo "*** The un-annotated tag, $short_refname, is not allowed in this repository" >&2
+			echo "*** Use 'git tag [ -a | -s ]' for tags you want to propagate." >&2
+			exit 1
+		fi
+		;;
+	refs/tags/*,delete)
+		# delete tag
+		if [ "$allowdeletetag" != "true" ]; then
+			echo "*** Deleting a tag is not allowed in this repository" >&2
+			exit 1
+		fi
+		;;
+	refs/tags/*,tag)
+		# annotated tag
+		if [ "$allowmodifytag" != "true" ] && git rev-parse $refname > /dev/null 2>&1
+		then
+			echo "*** Tag '$refname' already exists." >&2
+			echo "*** Modifying a tag is not allowed in this repository." >&2
+			exit 1
+		fi
+		;;
+	refs/heads/*,commit)
+		# branch
+		if [ "$oldrev" = "$zero" -a "$denycreatebranch" = "true" ]; then
+			echo "*** Creating a branch is not allowed in this repository" >&2
+			exit 1
+		fi
+		;;
+	refs/heads/*,delete)
+		# delete branch
+		if [ "$allowdeletebranch" != "true" ]; then
+			echo "*** Deleting a branch is not allowed in this repository" >&2
+			exit 1
+		fi
+		;;
+	refs/remotes/*,commit)
+		# tracking branch
+		;;
+	refs/remotes/*,delete)
+		# delete tracking branch
+		if [ "$allowdeletebranch" != "true" ]; then
+			echo "*** Deleting a tracking branch is not allowed in this repository" >&2
+			exit 1
+		fi
+		;;
+	*)
+		# Anything else (is there anything else?)
+		echo "*** Update hook: unknown type of update to ref $refname of type $newrev_type" >&2
+		exit 1
+		;;
+esac
+
+# --- Finished
+exit 0
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_bare.git/info/exclude b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/info/exclude
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5196d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/info/exclude
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# git ls-files --others --exclude-from=.git/info/exclude
+# Lines that start with '#' are comments.
+# For a project mostly in C, the following would be a good set of
+# exclude patterns (uncomment them if you want to use them):
+# *.[oa]
+# *~
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_bare.git/objects/info/empty_marker b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/objects/info/empty_marker
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_bare.git/objects/pack/empty_marker b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/objects/pack/empty_marker
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_bare.git/refs/heads/empty_marker b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/refs/heads/empty_marker
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_bare.git/refs/tags/empty_marker b/test/assets/empty_bare.git/refs/tags/empty_marker
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/HEAD b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/HEAD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb089cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/HEAD
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ref: refs/heads/master
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/branches/empty_marker b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/branches/empty_marker
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/config b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/config
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..515f483
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/config
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+[core]
+	repositoryformatversion = 0
+	filemode = true
+	bare = false
+	logallrefupdates = true
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/description b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/description
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..498b267
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/description
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Unnamed repository; edit this file 'description' to name the repository.
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/applypatch-msg.sample b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/applypatch-msg.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..09b38a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/applypatch-msg.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/usr/bin/sh
+#
+# An example hook script to check the commit log message taken by
+# applypatch from an e-mail message.
+#
+# The hook should exit with non-zero status after issuing an
+# appropriate message if it wants to stop the commit.  The hook is
+# allowed to edit the commit message file.
+#
+# To enable this hook, rename this file to "applypatch-msg".
+
+. git-sh-setup
+commitmsg="$(git rev-parse --git-path hooks/commit-msg)"
+test -x "$commitmsg" && exec "$commitmsg" ${1+"$@"}
+:
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/commit-msg.sample b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/commit-msg.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3ced146
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/commit-msg.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/usr/bin/sh
+#
+# An example hook script to check the commit log message.
+# Called by "git commit" with one argument, the name of the file
+# that has the commit message.  The hook should exit with non-zero
+# status after issuing an appropriate message if it wants to stop the
+# commit.  The hook is allowed to edit the commit message file.
+#
+# To enable this hook, rename this file to "commit-msg".
+
+# Uncomment the below to add a Signed-off-by line to the message.
+# Doing this in a hook is a bad idea in general, but the prepare-commit-msg
+# hook is more suited to it.
+#
+# SOB=$(git var GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT | sed -n 's/^\(.*>\).*$/Signed-off-by: \1/p')
+# grep -qs "^$SOB" "$1" || echo "$SOB" >> "$1"
+
+# This example catches duplicate Signed-off-by lines.
+
+test "" = "$(grep '^Signed-off-by: ' "$1" |
+	 sort | uniq -c | sed -e '/^[ 	]*1[ 	]/d')" || {
+	echo >&2 Duplicate Signed-off-by lines.
+	exit 1
+}
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/fsmonitor-watchman.sample b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/fsmonitor-watchman.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..14ed0aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/fsmonitor-watchman.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use IPC::Open2;
+
+# An example hook script to integrate Watchman
+# (https://facebook.github.io/watchman/) with git to speed up detecting
+# new and modified files.
+#
+# The hook is passed a version (currently 2) and last update token
+# formatted as a string and outputs to stdout a new update token and
+# all files that have been modified since the update token. Paths must
+# be relative to the root of the working tree and separated by a single NUL.
+#
+# To enable this hook, rename this file to "query-watchman" and set
+# 'git config core.fsmonitor .git/hooks/query-watchman'
+#
+my ($version, $last_update_token) = @ARGV;
+
+# Uncomment for debugging
+# print STDERR "$0 $version $last_update_token\n";
+
+# Check the hook interface version
+if ($version ne 2) {
+	die "Unsupported query-fsmonitor hook version '$version'.\n" .
+	    "Falling back to scanning...\n";
+}
+
+my $git_work_tree = get_working_dir();
+
+my $retry = 1;
+
+my $json_pkg;
+eval {
+	require JSON::XS;
+	$json_pkg = "JSON::XS";
+	1;
+} or do {
+	require JSON::PP;
+	$json_pkg = "JSON::PP";
+};
+
+launch_watchman();
+
+sub launch_watchman {
+	my $o = watchman_query();
+	if (is_work_tree_watched($o)) {
+		output_result($o->{clock}, @{$o->{files}});
+	}
+}
+
+sub output_result {
+	my ($clockid, @files) = @_;
+
+	# Uncomment for debugging watchman output
+	# open (my $fh, ">", ".git/watchman-output.out");
+	# binmode $fh, ":utf8";
+	# print $fh "$clockid\n@files\n";
+	# close $fh;
+
+	binmode STDOUT, ":utf8";
+	print $clockid;
+	print "\0";
+	local $, = "\0";
+	print @files;
+}
+
+sub watchman_clock {
+	my $response = qx/watchman clock "$git_work_tree"/;
+	die "Failed to get clock id on '$git_work_tree'.\n" .
+		"Falling back to scanning...\n" if $? != 0;
+
+	return $json_pkg->new->utf8->decode($response);
+}
+
+sub watchman_query {
+	my $pid = open2(\*CHLD_OUT, \*CHLD_IN, 'watchman -j --no-pretty')
+	or die "open2() failed: $!\n" .
+	"Falling back to scanning...\n";
+
+	# In the query expression below we're asking for names of files that
+	# changed since $last_update_token but not from the .git folder.
+	#
+	# To accomplish this, we're using the "since" generator to use the
+	# recency index to select candidate nodes and "fields" to limit the
+	# output to file names only. Then we're using the "expression" term to
+	# further constrain the results.
+	if (substr($last_update_token, 0, 1) eq "c") {
+		$last_update_token = "\"$last_update_token\"";
+	}
+	my $query = <<"	END";
+		["query", "$git_work_tree", {
+			"since": $last_update_token,
+			"fields": ["name"],
+			"expression": ["not", ["dirname", ".git"]]
+		}]
+	END
+
+	# Uncomment for debugging the watchman query
+	# open (my $fh, ">", ".git/watchman-query.json");
+	# print $fh $query;
+	# close $fh;
+
+	print CHLD_IN $query;
+	close CHLD_IN;
+	my $response = do {local $/; <CHLD_OUT>};
+
+	# Uncomment for debugging the watch response
+	# open ($fh, ">", ".git/watchman-response.json");
+	# print $fh $response;
+	# close $fh;
+
+	die "Watchman: command returned no output.\n" .
+	"Falling back to scanning...\n" if $response eq "";
+	die "Watchman: command returned invalid output: $response\n" .
+	"Falling back to scanning...\n" unless $response =~ /^\{/;
+
+	return $json_pkg->new->utf8->decode($response);
+}
+
+sub is_work_tree_watched {
+	my ($output) = @_;
+	my $error = $output->{error};
+	if ($retry > 0 and $error and $error =~ m/unable to resolve root .* directory (.*) is not watched/) {
+		$retry--;
+		my $response = qx/watchman watch "$git_work_tree"/;
+		die "Failed to make watchman watch '$git_work_tree'.\n" .
+		    "Falling back to scanning...\n" if $? != 0;
+		$output = $json_pkg->new->utf8->decode($response);
+		$error = $output->{error};
+		die "Watchman: $error.\n" .
+		"Falling back to scanning...\n" if $error;
+
+		# Uncomment for debugging watchman output
+		# open (my $fh, ">", ".git/watchman-output.out");
+		# close $fh;
+
+		# Watchman will always return all files on the first query so
+		# return the fast "everything is dirty" flag to git and do the
+		# Watchman query just to get it over with now so we won't pay
+		# the cost in git to look up each individual file.
+		my $o = watchman_clock();
+		$error = $output->{error};
+
+		die "Watchman: $error.\n" .
+		"Falling back to scanning...\n" if $error;
+
+		output_result($o->{clock}, ("/"));
+		$last_update_token = $o->{clock};
+
+		eval { launch_watchman() };
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	die "Watchman: $error.\n" .
+	"Falling back to scanning...\n" if $error;
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+sub get_working_dir {
+	my $working_dir;
+	if ($^O =~ 'msys' || $^O =~ 'cygwin') {
+		$working_dir = Win32::GetCwd();
+		$working_dir =~ tr/\\/\//;
+	} else {
+		require Cwd;
+		$working_dir = Cwd::cwd();
+	}
+
+	return $working_dir;
+}
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/post-update.sample b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/post-update.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ee496e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/post-update.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/usr/bin/sh
+#
+# An example hook script to prepare a packed repository for use over
+# dumb transports.
+#
+# To enable this hook, rename this file to "post-update".
+
+exec git update-server-info
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/pre-applypatch.sample b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/pre-applypatch.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..845130a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/pre-applypatch.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/usr/bin/sh
+#
+# An example hook script to verify what is about to be committed
+# by applypatch from an e-mail message.
+#
+# The hook should exit with non-zero status after issuing an
+# appropriate message if it wants to stop the commit.
+#
+# To enable this hook, rename this file to "pre-applypatch".
+
+. git-sh-setup
+precommit="$(git rev-parse --git-path hooks/pre-commit)"
+test -x "$precommit" && exec "$precommit" ${1+"$@"}
+:
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/pre-commit.sample b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/pre-commit.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..be32e5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/pre-commit.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#!/usr/bin/sh
+#
+# An example hook script to verify what is about to be committed.
+# Called by "git commit" with no arguments.  The hook should
+# exit with non-zero status after issuing an appropriate message if
+# it wants to stop the commit.
+#
+# To enable this hook, rename this file to "pre-commit".
+
+if git rev-parse --verify HEAD >/dev/null 2>&1
+then
+	against=HEAD
+else
+	# Initial commit: diff against an empty tree object
+	against=$(git hash-object -t tree /dev/null)
+fi
+
+# If you want to allow non-ASCII filenames set this variable to true.
+allownonascii=$(git config --type=bool hooks.allownonascii)
+
+# Redirect output to stderr.
+exec 1>&2
+
+# Cross platform projects tend to avoid non-ASCII filenames; prevent
+# them from being added to the repository. We exploit the fact that the
+# printable range starts at the space character and ends with tilde.
+if [ "$allownonascii" != "true" ] &&
+	# Note that the use of brackets around a tr range is ok here, (it's
+	# even required, for portability to Solaris 10's /usr/bin/tr), since
+	# the square bracket bytes happen to fall in the designated range.
+	test $(git diff --cached --name-only --diff-filter=A -z $against |
+	  LC_ALL=C tr -d '[ -~]\0' | wc -c) != 0
+then
+	cat <<\EOF
+Error: Attempt to add a non-ASCII file name.
+
+This can cause problems if you want to work with people on other platforms.
+
+To be portable it is advisable to rename the file.
+
+If you know what you are doing you can disable this check using:
+
+  git config hooks.allownonascii true
+EOF
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+# If there are whitespace errors, print the offending file names and fail.
+exec git diff-index --check --cached $against --
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/pre-merge-commit.sample b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/pre-merge-commit.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..09b65a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/pre-merge-commit.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#!/usr/bin/sh
+#
+# An example hook script to verify what is about to be committed.
+# Called by "git merge" with no arguments.  The hook should
+# exit with non-zero status after issuing an appropriate message to
+# stderr if it wants to stop the merge commit.
+#
+# To enable this hook, rename this file to "pre-merge-commit".
+
+. git-sh-setup
+test -x "$GIT_DIR/hooks/pre-commit" &&
+        exec "$GIT_DIR/hooks/pre-commit"
+:
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/pre-push.sample b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/pre-push.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d5e513d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/pre-push.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#!/usr/bin/sh
+
+# An example hook script to verify what is about to be pushed.  Called by "git
+# push" after it has checked the remote status, but before anything has been
+# pushed.  If this script exits with a non-zero status nothing will be pushed.
+#
+# This hook is called with the following parameters:
+#
+# $1 -- Name of the remote to which the push is being done
+# $2 -- URL to which the push is being done
+#
+# If pushing without using a named remote those arguments will be equal.
+#
+# Information about the commits which are being pushed is supplied as lines to
+# the standard input in the form:
+#
+#   <local ref> <local oid> <remote ref> <remote oid>
+#
+# This sample shows how to prevent push of commits where the log message starts
+# with "WIP" (work in progress).
+
+remote="$1"
+url="$2"
+
+zero=$(git hash-object --stdin </dev/null | tr '[0-9a-f]' '0')
+
+while read local_ref local_oid remote_ref remote_oid
+do
+	if test "$local_oid" = "$zero"
+	then
+		# Handle delete
+		:
+	else
+		if test "$remote_oid" = "$zero"
+		then
+			# New branch, examine all commits
+			range="$local_oid"
+		else
+			# Update to existing branch, examine new commits
+			range="$remote_oid..$local_oid"
+		fi
+
+		# Check for WIP commit
+		commit=$(git rev-list -n 1 --grep '^WIP' "$range")
+		if test -n "$commit"
+		then
+			echo >&2 "Found WIP commit in $local_ref, not pushing"
+			exit 1
+		fi
+	fi
+done
+
+exit 0
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/pre-rebase.sample b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/pre-rebase.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..36efc64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/pre-rebase.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+#!/usr/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006, 2008 Junio C Hamano
+#
+# The "pre-rebase" hook is run just before "git rebase" starts doing
+# its job, and can prevent the command from running by exiting with
+# non-zero status.
+#
+# The hook is called with the following parameters:
+#
+# $1 -- the upstream the series was forked from.
+# $2 -- the branch being rebased (or empty when rebasing the current branch).
+#
+# This sample shows how to prevent topic branches that are already
+# merged to 'next' branch from getting rebased, because allowing it
+# would result in rebasing already published history.
+
+publish=next
+basebranch="$1"
+if test "$#" = 2
+then
+	topic="refs/heads/$2"
+else
+	topic=`git symbolic-ref HEAD` ||
+	exit 0 ;# we do not interrupt rebasing detached HEAD
+fi
+
+case "$topic" in
+refs/heads/??/*)
+	;;
+*)
+	exit 0 ;# we do not interrupt others.
+	;;
+esac
+
+# Now we are dealing with a topic branch being rebased
+# on top of master.  Is it OK to rebase it?
+
+# Does the topic really exist?
+git show-ref -q "$topic" || {
+	echo >&2 "No such branch $topic"
+	exit 1
+}
+
+# Is topic fully merged to master?
+not_in_master=`git rev-list --pretty=oneline ^master "$topic"`
+if test -z "$not_in_master"
+then
+	echo >&2 "$topic is fully merged to master; better remove it."
+	exit 1 ;# we could allow it, but there is no point.
+fi
+
+# Is topic ever merged to next?  If so you should not be rebasing it.
+only_next_1=`git rev-list ^master "^$topic" ${publish} | sort`
+only_next_2=`git rev-list ^master           ${publish} | sort`
+if test "$only_next_1" = "$only_next_2"
+then
+	not_in_topic=`git rev-list "^$topic" master`
+	if test -z "$not_in_topic"
+	then
+		echo >&2 "$topic is already up to date with master"
+		exit 1 ;# we could allow it, but there is no point.
+	else
+		exit 0
+	fi
+else
+	not_in_next=`git rev-list --pretty=oneline ^${publish} "$topic"`
+	/usr/bin/perl -e '
+		my $topic = $ARGV[0];
+		my $msg = "* $topic has commits already merged to public branch:\n";
+		my (%not_in_next) = map {
+			/^([0-9a-f]+) /;
+			($1 => 1);
+		} split(/\n/, $ARGV[1]);
+		for my $elem (map {
+				/^([0-9a-f]+) (.*)$/;
+				[$1 => $2];
+			} split(/\n/, $ARGV[2])) {
+			if (!exists $not_in_next{$elem->[0]}) {
+				if ($msg) {
+					print STDERR $msg;
+					undef $msg;
+				}
+				print STDERR " $elem->[1]\n";
+			}
+		}
+	' "$topic" "$not_in_next" "$not_in_master"
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+<<\DOC_END
+
+This sample hook safeguards topic branches that have been
+published from being rewound.
+
+The workflow assumed here is:
+
+ * Once a topic branch forks from "master", "master" is never
+   merged into it again (either directly or indirectly).
+
+ * Once a topic branch is fully cooked and merged into "master",
+   it is deleted.  If you need to build on top of it to correct
+   earlier mistakes, a new topic branch is created by forking at
+   the tip of the "master".  This is not strictly necessary, but
+   it makes it easier to keep your history simple.
+
+ * Whenever you need to test or publish your changes to topic
+   branches, merge them into "next" branch.
+
+The script, being an example, hardcodes the publish branch name
+to be "next", but it is trivial to make it configurable via
+$GIT_DIR/config mechanism.
+
+With this workflow, you would want to know:
+
+(1) ... if a topic branch has ever been merged to "next".  Young
+    topic branches can have stupid mistakes you would rather
+    clean up before publishing, and things that have not been
+    merged into other branches can be easily rebased without
+    affecting other people.  But once it is published, you would
+    not want to rewind it.
+
+(2) ... if a topic branch has been fully merged to "master".
+    Then you can delete it.  More importantly, you should not
+    build on top of it -- other people may already want to
+    change things related to the topic as patches against your
+    "master", so if you need further changes, it is better to
+    fork the topic (perhaps with the same name) afresh from the
+    tip of "master".
+
+Let's look at this example:
+
+		   o---o---o---o---o---o---o---o---o---o "next"
+		  /       /           /           /
+		 /   a---a---b A     /           /
+		/   /               /           /
+	       /   /   c---c---c---c B         /
+	      /   /   /             \         /
+	     /   /   /   b---b C     \       /
+	    /   /   /   /             \     /
+    ---o---o---o---o---o---o---o---o---o---o---o "master"
+
+
+A, B and C are topic branches.
+
+ * A has one fix since it was merged up to "next".
+
+ * B has finished.  It has been fully merged up to "master" and "next",
+   and is ready to be deleted.
+
+ * C has not merged to "next" at all.
+
+We would want to allow C to be rebased, refuse A, and encourage
+B to be deleted.
+
+To compute (1):
+
+	git rev-list ^master ^topic next
+	git rev-list ^master        next
+
+	if these match, topic has not merged in next at all.
+
+To compute (2):
+
+	git rev-list master..topic
+
+	if this is empty, it is fully merged to "master".
+
+DOC_END
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/pre-receive.sample b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/pre-receive.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6f473c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/pre-receive.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/usr/bin/sh
+#
+# An example hook script to make use of push options.
+# The example simply echoes all push options that start with 'echoback='
+# and rejects all pushes when the "reject" push option is used.
+#
+# To enable this hook, rename this file to "pre-receive".
+
+if test -n "$GIT_PUSH_OPTION_COUNT"
+then
+	i=0
+	while test "$i" -lt "$GIT_PUSH_OPTION_COUNT"
+	do
+		eval "value=\$GIT_PUSH_OPTION_$i"
+		case "$value" in
+		echoback=*)
+			echo "echo from the pre-receive-hook: ${value#*=}" >&2
+			;;
+		reject)
+			exit 1
+		esac
+		i=$((i + 1))
+	done
+fi
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/prepare-commit-msg.sample b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/prepare-commit-msg.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..cd8e794
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/prepare-commit-msg.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/usr/bin/sh
+#
+# An example hook script to prepare the commit log message.
+# Called by "git commit" with the name of the file that has the
+# commit message, followed by the description of the commit
+# message's source.  The hook's purpose is to edit the commit
+# message file.  If the hook fails with a non-zero status,
+# the commit is aborted.
+#
+# To enable this hook, rename this file to "prepare-commit-msg".
+
+# This hook includes three examples. The first one removes the
+# "# Please enter the commit message..." help message.
+#
+# The second includes the output of "git diff --name-status -r"
+# into the message, just before the "git status" output.  It is
+# commented because it doesn't cope with --amend or with squashed
+# commits.
+#
+# The third example adds a Signed-off-by line to the message, that can
+# still be edited.  This is rarely a good idea.
+
+COMMIT_MSG_FILE=$1
+COMMIT_SOURCE=$2
+SHA1=$3
+
+/usr/bin/perl -i.bak -ne 'print unless(m/^. Please enter the commit message/..m/^#$/)' "$COMMIT_MSG_FILE"
+
+# case "$COMMIT_SOURCE,$SHA1" in
+#  ,|template,)
+#    /usr/bin/perl -i.bak -pe '
+#       print "\n" . `git diff --cached --name-status -r`
+# 	 if /^#/ && $first++ == 0' "$COMMIT_MSG_FILE" ;;
+#  *) ;;
+# esac
+
+# SOB=$(git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT | sed -n 's/^\(.*>\).*$/Signed-off-by: \1/p')
+# git interpret-trailers --in-place --trailer "$SOB" "$COMMIT_MSG_FILE"
+# if test -z "$COMMIT_SOURCE"
+# then
+#   /usr/bin/perl -i.bak -pe 'print "\n" if !$first_line++' "$COMMIT_MSG_FILE"
+# fi
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/push-to-checkout.sample b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/push-to-checkout.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..badb4b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/push-to-checkout.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#!/usr/bin/sh
+
+# An example hook script to update a checked-out tree on a git push.
+#
+# This hook is invoked by git-receive-pack(1) when it reacts to git
+# push and updates reference(s) in its repository, and when the push
+# tries to update the branch that is currently checked out and the
+# receive.denyCurrentBranch configuration variable is set to
+# updateInstead.
+#
+# By default, such a push is refused if the working tree and the index
+# of the remote repository has any difference from the currently
+# checked out commit; when both the working tree and the index match
+# the current commit, they are updated to match the newly pushed tip
+# of the branch. This hook is to be used to override the default
+# behaviour; however the code below reimplements the default behaviour
+# as a starting point for convenient modification.
+#
+# The hook receives the commit with which the tip of the current
+# branch is going to be updated:
+commit=$1
+
+# It can exit with a non-zero status to refuse the push (when it does
+# so, it must not modify the index or the working tree).
+die () {
+	echo >&2 "$*"
+	exit 1
+}
+
+# Or it can make any necessary changes to the working tree and to the
+# index to bring them to the desired state when the tip of the current
+# branch is updated to the new commit, and exit with a zero status.
+#
+# For example, the hook can simply run git read-tree -u -m HEAD "$1"
+# in order to emulate git fetch that is run in the reverse direction
+# with git push, as the two-tree form of git read-tree -u -m is
+# essentially the same as git switch or git checkout that switches
+# branches while keeping the local changes in the working tree that do
+# not interfere with the difference between the branches.
+
+# The below is a more-or-less exact translation to shell of the C code
+# for the default behaviour for git's push-to-checkout hook defined in
+# the push_to_deploy() function in builtin/receive-pack.c.
+#
+# Note that the hook will be executed from the repository directory,
+# not from the working tree, so if you want to perform operations on
+# the working tree, you will have to adapt your code accordingly, e.g.
+# by adding "cd .." or using relative paths.
+
+if ! git update-index -q --ignore-submodules --refresh
+then
+	die "Up-to-date check failed"
+fi
+
+if ! git diff-files --quiet --ignore-submodules --
+then
+	die "Working directory has unstaged changes"
+fi
+
+# This is a rough translation of:
+#
+#   head_has_history() ? "HEAD" : EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_HEX
+if git cat-file -e HEAD 2>/dev/null
+then
+	head=HEAD
+else
+	head=$(git hash-object -t tree --stdin </dev/null)
+fi
+
+if ! git diff-index --quiet --cached --ignore-submodules $head --
+then
+	die "Working directory has staged changes"
+fi
+
+if ! git read-tree -u -m "$commit"
+then
+	die "Could not update working tree to new HEAD"
+fi
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/update.sample b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/update.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5503c12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/hooks/update.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+#!/usr/bin/sh
+#
+# An example hook script to block unannotated tags from entering.
+# Called by "git receive-pack" with arguments: refname sha1-old sha1-new
+#
+# To enable this hook, rename this file to "update".
+#
+# Config
+# ------
+# hooks.allowunannotated
+#   This boolean sets whether unannotated tags will be allowed into the
+#   repository.  By default they won't be.
+# hooks.allowdeletetag
+#   This boolean sets whether deleting tags will be allowed in the
+#   repository.  By default they won't be.
+# hooks.allowmodifytag
+#   This boolean sets whether a tag may be modified after creation. By default
+#   it won't be.
+# hooks.allowdeletebranch
+#   This boolean sets whether deleting branches will be allowed in the
+#   repository.  By default they won't be.
+# hooks.denycreatebranch
+#   This boolean sets whether remotely creating branches will be denied
+#   in the repository.  By default this is allowed.
+#
+
+# --- Command line
+refname="$1"
+oldrev="$2"
+newrev="$3"
+
+# --- Safety check
+if [ -z "$GIT_DIR" ]; then
+	echo "Don't run this script from the command line." >&2
+	echo " (if you want, you could supply GIT_DIR then run" >&2
+	echo "  $0 <ref> <oldrev> <newrev>)" >&2
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ -z "$refname" -o -z "$oldrev" -o -z "$newrev" ]; then
+	echo "usage: $0 <ref> <oldrev> <newrev>" >&2
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+# --- Config
+allowunannotated=$(git config --type=bool hooks.allowunannotated)
+allowdeletebranch=$(git config --type=bool hooks.allowdeletebranch)
+denycreatebranch=$(git config --type=bool hooks.denycreatebranch)
+allowdeletetag=$(git config --type=bool hooks.allowdeletetag)
+allowmodifytag=$(git config --type=bool hooks.allowmodifytag)
+
+# check for no description
+projectdesc=$(sed -e '1q' "$GIT_DIR/description")
+case "$projectdesc" in
+"Unnamed repository"* | "")
+	echo "*** Project description file hasn't been set" >&2
+	exit 1
+	;;
+esac
+
+# --- Check types
+# if $newrev is 0000...0000, it's a commit to delete a ref.
+zero=$(git hash-object --stdin </dev/null | tr '[0-9a-f]' '0')
+if [ "$newrev" = "$zero" ]; then
+	newrev_type=delete
+else
+	newrev_type=$(git cat-file -t $newrev)
+fi
+
+case "$refname","$newrev_type" in
+	refs/tags/*,commit)
+		# un-annotated tag
+		short_refname=${refname##refs/tags/}
+		if [ "$allowunannotated" != "true" ]; then
+			echo "*** The un-annotated tag, $short_refname, is not allowed in this repository" >&2
+			echo "*** Use 'git tag [ -a | -s ]' for tags you want to propagate." >&2
+			exit 1
+		fi
+		;;
+	refs/tags/*,delete)
+		# delete tag
+		if [ "$allowdeletetag" != "true" ]; then
+			echo "*** Deleting a tag is not allowed in this repository" >&2
+			exit 1
+		fi
+		;;
+	refs/tags/*,tag)
+		# annotated tag
+		if [ "$allowmodifytag" != "true" ] && git rev-parse $refname > /dev/null 2>&1
+		then
+			echo "*** Tag '$refname' already exists." >&2
+			echo "*** Modifying a tag is not allowed in this repository." >&2
+			exit 1
+		fi
+		;;
+	refs/heads/*,commit)
+		# branch
+		if [ "$oldrev" = "$zero" -a "$denycreatebranch" = "true" ]; then
+			echo "*** Creating a branch is not allowed in this repository" >&2
+			exit 1
+		fi
+		;;
+	refs/heads/*,delete)
+		# delete branch
+		if [ "$allowdeletebranch" != "true" ]; then
+			echo "*** Deleting a branch is not allowed in this repository" >&2
+			exit 1
+		fi
+		;;
+	refs/remotes/*,commit)
+		# tracking branch
+		;;
+	refs/remotes/*,delete)
+		# delete tracking branch
+		if [ "$allowdeletebranch" != "true" ]; then
+			echo "*** Deleting a tracking branch is not allowed in this repository" >&2
+			exit 1
+		fi
+		;;
+	*)
+		# Anything else (is there anything else?)
+		echo "*** Update hook: unknown type of update to ref $refname of type $newrev_type" >&2
+		exit 1
+		;;
+esac
+
+# --- Finished
+exit 0
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/info/exclude b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/info/exclude
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5196d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/info/exclude
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# git ls-files --others --exclude-from=.git/info/exclude
+# Lines that start with '#' are comments.
+# For a project mostly in C, the following would be a good set of
+# exclude patterns (uncomment them if you want to use them):
+# *.[oa]
+# *~
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/objects/info/empty_marker b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/objects/info/empty_marker
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/objects/pack/empty_marker b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/objects/pack/empty_marker
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/refs/heads/empty_marker b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/refs/heads/empty_marker
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/refs/tags/empty_marker b/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/refs/tags/empty_marker
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/test/config_test.dart b/test/config_test.dart
index 94d2e3a..977768e 100644
--- a/test/config_test.dart
+++ b/test/config_test.dart
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import 'dart:io';
 
 import 'package:test/test.dart';
-import 'package:libgit2dart/src/util.dart';
 import 'package:libgit2dart/src/config.dart';
 import 'package:libgit2dart/src/error.dart';
 
@@ -21,10 +20,6 @@ void main() {
   late Config config;
 
   group('Config', () {
-    setUpAll(() {
-      libgit2.git_libgit2_init();
-    });
-
     setUp(() {
       File('$tmpDir/$configFileName').writeAsStringSync(contents);
       config = Config.open(path: '$tmpDir/$configFileName');
@@ -35,10 +30,6 @@ void main() {
       File('$tmpDir/$configFileName').deleteSync();
     });
 
-    tearDownAll(() {
-      libgit2.git_libgit2_shutdown();
-    });
-
     test('opens file successfully with provided path', () {
       expect(config, isA<Config>());
     });
diff --git a/test/repository_test.dart b/test/repository_test.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..814fa95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/repository_test.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+import 'dart:io';
+
+import 'package:test/test.dart';
+import 'package:libgit2dart/src/repository.dart';
+import 'package:libgit2dart/src/error.dart';
+
+void main() {
+  late Repository repo;
+
+  group('Repository', () {
+    test('throws when repository isn\'t found at provided path', () {
+      expect(
+        () => Repository.open(''),
+        throwsA(isA<LibGit2Error>()),
+      );
+    });
+
+    group('bare', () {
+      setUp(() {
+        repo = Repository.open('test/assets/empty_bare.git');
+      });
+
+      tearDown(() {
+        repo.close();
+      });
+
+      test('opens successfully', () {
+        expect(repo, isA<Repository>());
+      });
+
+      test('checks if it is bare', () {
+        expect(repo.isBare(), true);
+      });
+
+      test('returns path to the repository', () {
+        expect(
+          repo.path(),
+          '${Directory.current.path}/test/assets/empty_bare.git/',
+        );
+      });
+
+      test('returns path to root directory for the repository', () {
+        expect(
+          repo.commonDir(),
+          '${Directory.current.path}/test/assets/empty_bare.git/',
+        );
+      });
+
+      test('returns empty string as path of the working directory', () {
+        expect(repo.workdir(), '');
+      });
+    });
+
+    group('standard', () {
+      setUp(() {
+        repo = Repository.open('test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/');
+      });
+
+      tearDown(() {
+        repo.close();
+      });
+
+      test('opens standart repository from working directory successfully', () {
+        expect(repo, isA<Repository>());
+      });
+
+      test('returns path to the repository', () {
+        expect(
+          repo.path(),
+          '${Directory.current.path}/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/',
+        );
+      });
+
+      test('returns path to parent repo\'s .git folder for the repository', () {
+        expect(
+          repo.commonDir(),
+          '${Directory.current.path}/test/assets/empty_standard/.gitdir/',
+        );
+      });
+
+      test('checks if it is empty', () {
+        expect(repo.isEmpty(), true);
+      });
+
+      test('returns empty string when there is no namespace', () {
+        expect(repo.getNamespace(), '');
+      });
+
+      test('checks if head is detached', () {
+        expect(repo.isHeadDetached(), false);
+      });
+
+      test('checks if branch is unborn', () {
+        expect(repo.isBranchUnborn(), true);
+      });
+
+      test('successfully sets identity ', () {
+        repo.setIdentity(name: 'name', email: 'email@email.com');
+        expect(repo.identity(), {'name': 'email@email.com'});
+      });
+
+      test('successfully unsets identity', () {
+        repo.setIdentity(name: null, email: null);
+        expect(repo.identity(), isEmpty);
+      });
+
+      test('checks if shallow clone', () {
+        expect(repo.isShallow(), false);
+      });
+
+      test('checks if linked work tree', () {
+        expect(repo.isWorktree(), false);
+      });
+
+      test('returns path to working directory', () {
+        expect(
+          repo.workdir(),
+          '${Directory.current.path}/test/assets/empty_standard/',
+        );
+      });
+    });
+  });
+}